大森 義裕
(おおもり・よしひろ)
Yoshihiro Omori
略歴
- 京都大学大学院工学研究科合成・生物化学専攻修士課程修了
- 東京大学医学研究科医学博士、ハーバード大学医学部(マサチューセッツ眼科耳鼻科病院)博士研究員、財団法人大阪バイオサイエンス研究所副部長、大阪大学蛋白質研究所准教授(理学研究科准教授兼任)を経て本学へ
ゲノム機能科学研究室
卒業研究テーマ例
- デメキンの眼球サイズを制御する分子メカニズムの解明
- 網膜変性疾患モデル動物におけるエピジェネティック制御機構の理解
- フナ・コイにおける全ゲノム重複と非対称サブゲノム進化の解析
- ランチュウの背ビレ欠損表現型とゲノムワイド関連解析(GWAS)による遺伝子座の同定
様々なキンギョ品種を用いた脊椎動物の形態形成メカニズムとヒト疾患発症機構の理解
フナの祖先種における全ゲノム重複と遺伝子進化の研究
- 研究の応用領域
- 医薬品開発、食品産業、ペット産業、水産育種、環境関連ビジネス等
- 産官学連携で求めるパートナー
- 医薬品・食料品関連企業、大学・自治体の研究機関
The recent development of next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) and genome editing technologies has enabled us to study the biological characteristics of non-model organisms. Goldfish (Carassius auratusus) are ornamental teleost fish that were originally domesticated from wild goldfish in China. At least 70 goldfish strains are currently being produced, with phenotypically diverse body shapes, colorations, scales, and fin-, eye-, and hood morphologies that include biologically interesting phenotypes. Certain goldfish strains express phenotypes that are similar to those in some human diseases. Therefore, goldfish serve as suitable model organisms for understanding the molecular basis of vertebrate development and evolution and human diseases. We recently established a high-quality goldfish genome sequence using long-read sequencing technology (Chen & Omori et al., 2019). This investigation provides new tools for the genetic analysis of various goldfish phenotypes. In our laboratory, we focus on the following projects:
Understanding the molecular basis of vertebrate development and evolution, as well as the pathogenesis of human diseases, by studying the various phenotypes expressed by goldfish strains.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying goldfish phenotypes, we crossbreed various goldfish strains and use NGS to analyze the genomic DNA sequences of the offspring. We then use a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and functional genome approach that includes bulk/single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq. The gene functions are elucidated using transgenic and genome-edited zebrafish.
Whole-genome duplication (WGD) and gene evolution in wild goldfish and crucian carp ancestors.
Genomic analyses of goldfish revealed that a WGD event (duplication of all genes in the genome) occurred approximately 14 million years ago in a goldfish ancestor genome. Two rounds of WGD occurred approximately 500 million years ago in vertebrates, including humans. We aim to clarify the mechanism of vertebrate gene evolution post WGD by analyzing gene evolution in the goldfish genome. Additionally, we also study environmental adaptations in wild goldfish and crucian carp.
Kon T, Omori Y#, Fukuta K, Wada H, Watanabe M, Chen Z, Iwasaki M, Mishina T, Matsuzaki SS, Yoshihara D, Arakawa J, Kawakami K, Toyoda A, Burgess SM, Noguchi H, Furukawa T The genetic basis of morphological diversity in domesticated goldfish. Current Biology 2020;30(12):2211-2418 #corresponding author.
Chen, Z.*, Omori Y.*, Koren, S., Shirokiya, T., Kuroda, T., Miyamoto, A., Wada, H., Fujiyama, A., Toyoda, A., Zhang, S., Wolfsberg, T.G., Kawakami, K., Phillippy, A.M., Mullikin, J.C., and Burgess, S.M. De Novo assembly of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) genome and the evolution of genes after whole-genome duplication. Science Advances, 2019;5(6) eaav0547. *equally contributed
Omori Y, Kubo S, Kon T, Furuhashi M, Narita H, Kominami T, Ueno A, Tsutsumi R, Chaya T, Yamamoto H, Suetake I, Ueno S, Koseki H, Nakagawa A, Furukawa T, Samd7 is a cell type-specific PRC1 component essential for establishing retinal rod photoreceptor identity. Proc Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2017 114(39):E8264-E8273
Omori Y, Chaya T, Katoh K, Kajimura N, Sato S, Muraoka K, Ueno S, Koyasu T, Kondo M, Furukawa T. Negative regulation of ciliary length by ciliary male germ cell-associated kinase (Mak) is required for retinal photoreceptor survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010, 107(52):22671-22676.
Sato S, Omori Y, Katoh K, Kondo M, Kanagawa M, Miyata M, Funabiki K, Koyasu T, Kajimura N, Miyoshi T, Sawai H, Kobayashi K, Tani A, Toda T, Usukura J, Tano Y, Fujikado T and Furukawa T, Pikachurin, a dystroglycan ligand, is essential for photoreceptor ribbon synapse formation. Nature Neuroscience 2008, 11(8)923-931